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| Order this document by LM317/D LM317 Three-Terminal Adjustable Output Positive Voltage Regulator The LM317 is an adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow-out proof. The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current regulator. * Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A THREE-TERMINAL ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA * * * * * * * Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V Internal Thermal Overload Protection Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications Available in Surface Mount D2PAK, and Standard 3-Lead Transistor Package Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2. 1 2 3 Standard Application Vin LM317 R1 240 IAdj Cin* 0.1 F R2 Adjust + C ** O 1.0 F Vout Pin 1. Adjust 2. Vout 3. Vin D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936 (D2PAK) 1 2 3 Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2. ORDERING INFORMATION ** Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response. V out Device LM317BD2T LM317BT LM317D2T LM317T TJ = 0 to +125C Operating Temperature Range TJ = - 40 to +125C Package Surface Mount Insertion Mount Surface Mount Insertion Mount Rev 1 + 1.25 V 1 ) R ) IAdj R2 R2 1 Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 A, the error associated with this term is negligible in most applications. (c) Motorola, Inc. 1996 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 1 LM317 MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Input-Output Voltage Differential Power Dissipation Case 221A TA = +25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Case 936 (D2PAK) TA = +25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Symbol VI-VO Value 40 Unit Vdc PD JA JC PD JA JC TJ Tstg Internally Limited 65 5.0 Internally Limited 70 5.0 - 40 to +125 - 65 to +150 W C/W C/W W C/W C/W C C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI-VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.5 A for D2T and T packages; TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1]; Imax and Pmax [Note 2]; unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25C, 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25C, 10 mA IO Imax VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V Thermal Regulation, TA = +25C (Note 6), 20 ms Pulse Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IL Imax, PD Pmax Reference Voltage, 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IO Imax, PD Pmax Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA IO Imax VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V Temperature Stability (Tlow TJ Thigh) Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI-VO = 40 V) Maximum Output Current VI-VO 15 V, PD Pmax, T Package VI-VO = 40 V, PD Pmax, TA = +25C, T Package RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25C, 10 Hz f 10 kHz Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F Long-Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5), TA = +25C for Endpoint Measurements Thermal Resistance Junction to Case, T Package 4 3 1, 2 3 1 2 Figure 1 2 Symbol Regline Regload - - Regtherm IAdj IAdj Vref Regline Regload - - 3 3 3 TS ILmin Imax 1.5 0.15 N RR - 66 3 S RJC - - 65 80 0.3 5.0 - - 1.0 - %/1.0 k Hrs. C/W - 2.2 0.4 0.003 - - - % VO dB - - 20 0.3 0.7 3.5 70 1.5 - 10 mV % VO % VO mA A - - - 1.2 - 5.0 0.1 0.03 50 0.2 1.25 0.02 25 0.5 0.07 100 5.0 1.3 0.07 mV % VO % VO/W A A V %V Min - Typ 0.01 Max 0.04 Unit %/V NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0 to +125C, for LM317T, D2T. Tlow to Thigh = - 40 to +125C, for LM317BT, BD2T. 2. Imax = 1.5 A, Pmax = 20 W 3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. 4. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 5. Since Long-Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot. 6. Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die. These effects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the effect of these temperature gradients on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time. 2 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 Representative Schematic Diagram Vin 31 0 310 230 120 5.6k 6.3V 170 6.7k 125k 135 12.4k 12k 5.0pF 6.8k 510 6.3V 160 200 13k 30 pF 6.3V 190 3.6k 5.8k 110 5.1k 30 pF 2.4k 12.5k 105 4.0 0.1 Vout Adjust This device contains 29 active transistors. Figure 1. Line Regulation and IAdj/Line Test Circuit VCC * VIH VIL Vin LM317 * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle * is suggested. Adjust Cin 0.1 F IAdj R1 240 1% Line Regulation (% V) Vout + |V -V | OH OL x 100 |V | OL VOH VOL + CO 1.0 F RL R2 1% MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 3 LM317 Figure 2. Load Regulation and IAdj/Load Test Circuit VI Vin LM317 Vout IL RL (max Load) * + IAdj CO 1.0 F VO (min Load) VO (max Load) RL (min Load) Adjust Cin 0.1 F R1 240 1% R2 1% * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) Load Regulation (% VO) = VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) x 100 VO (min Load) Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit Vin LM317 Vout IL Adjust VI Cin 0.1 F R1 IAdj 240 1% Vref + CO 1.0 F RL VO ISET R2 1% * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. To Calculate R2: Vout = ISET R2 + 1.250 V To Calculate R2: Assume ISET = 5.25 mA Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit 24 V 14 V f = 120 Hz Vin LM317 Vout Adjust Cin 0.1 F R1 240 1% D1* 1N4002 + CO 1.0 F RL VO Vout = 10 V R2 1.65 k 1% + CAdj 10 F * D1 Discharges CAdj if output is shorted to Ground. 4 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 Figure 5. Load Regulation 4.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 0.4 I out , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 125 150 0 0 10 20 30 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) 40 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V IL = 1.5 A IL = 0.5 A 3.0 TJ = 25C 2.0 150C 1.0 55C Figure 6. Current Limit Figure 7. Adjustment Pin Current 3.0 I Adj, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( A) V in-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Figure 8. Dropout Voltage Vout = 100 mV 2.5 IL = 1.5 A 1.0 A 2.0 500 mA 1.5 200 mA 20 mA 1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 9. Temperature Stability 1.26 Vref, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) IB, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.22 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 0 0 Figure 10. Minimum Operating Current TJ = -55C +25C +150C 1.25 1.24 1.23 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5 LM317 Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus Output Current 120 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 100 80 60 40 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V 20 f = 120 Hz TJ = 25C 0 0.01 CAdj = 10 F Without CAdj Figure 11. Ripple Rejection versus Output Voltage 100 CAdj = 10 F RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 80 60 40 20 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vin - Vout = 5 V IL = 500 mA f = 120 Hz TJ = 25C Without CAdj 0.1 1.0 10 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency 100 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 80 60 40 20 0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M 10 M f, FREQUENCY (Hz) IL = 500 mA Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V TJ = 25C Z O, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ( ) 101 Figure 14. Output Impedance 100 10-1 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V IL = 500 mA TJ = 25C Without CAdj 10-2 CAdj = 10 F 10-3 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M f, FREQUENCY (Hz) CAdj = 10 F Without CAdj Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) Figure 15. Line Transient Response 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 t, TIME (s) Vin 30 40 Vout = 10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25C CL = 1.0 F; CAdj = 10 F Figure 16. Load Transient Response 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 CL = 0; Without CAdj 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 t, TIME (s) 30 40 IL Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V INL = 50 mA TJ = 25C CL = 1.0 F; CAdj = 10 F V in , INPUT VOTLAGE CHANGE (V) 6 IL , LOAD CURRENT (A) CL = 0; Without CAdj MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Basic Circuit Operation The LM317 is a 3-terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM317 develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The regulated output voltage is given by: V out + Vref 1 ) R2 ) IAdj R2 R 1 Since the current from the adjustment terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM317 was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 A and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM317 is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible. Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration Vin Vout LM317 + R1 Adjust Vref IPROG Vout External Capacitors A 0.1 F disc or 1.0 F tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 F capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. Although the LM317 is stable with no output capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 F tantalum or 25 F aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. Protection Diodes When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 18 shows the LM317 with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 F, CAdj > 10 F). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from discharging through the IC during an input short circuit. Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes D1 IAdj Vref = 1.25 V Typical R2 Vout Vin 1N4002 Vout + R1 D2 CO LM317 Load Regulation The LM317 is capable of providing extremely good load Cin regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the Adjust programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to R2 the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. Figure 19. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length PD(max) for TA = +50C 70 60 50 40 RJA 30 0 5.0 Free Air Mounted Vertically 3.0 2.0 oz. Copper L Minimum Size Pad PD, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W) 80 R JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE JUNCTION-TO-AIR (C/W) 3.5 1N4002 CAdj 2.5 2.0 1.5 10 15 20 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA IIII IIII IIII L 25 1.0 30 7 LM317 Figure 20. ``Laboratory'' Power Supply with Adjustable Current Limit and Output Voltage D6* 1N4002 Vin 32 V to 40 V LM317 (1) Vout1 RSC Vin2 LM317 (2) Vout 2 240 Adjust 1 Current Limit Adjust * Diodes D1 and D2 and transistor Q2 are added to * allow adjustment of output voltage to 0 V. * D6 protects both LM317's during an input short circuit. 1.0K D1 1N4001 D2 1N4001 5.0 k Adjust 2 Voltage Adjust 1N4001 Q1 2N3822 D3 D4 -10 V Q2 2N5640 IN4001 Output Range: 0 VO 25 V Output Range: 0 IO 1.5 A D5 IN4001 + 10 F Iout Vout + 1.0 F Tantalum Vin1 0.1 F -10 V Figure 21. Adjustable Current Limiter +25 V Vin LM317 Vout R1 1.25 Iout Figure 22. 5.0 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator D1* 1N4002 Vin Vout LM317 120 Adjust MPS2222 720 2N5640 1.0 k TTL Control + 1.0 F Adjust R2 100 D1 1N4001 D2 1N4001 * To provide current limiting of IO to the system * ground, the source of the FET must be tied to a * negative voltage below - 1.25 V. R1 = Vref IOmax + IDSS R2 Vref IDDS VO < BVDSS + 1.25 V + VSS, ILmin - IDSS < IO < 1.5 A. As shown 0 < IO < 1.0 A. VSS* Minimum Vout = 1.25 V * D1 protects the device during an input short circuit. Figure 23. Slow Turn-On Regulator Vin LM317 240 Adjust R2 MPS2907 50 k + 1N4001 Vout Vin Figure 24. Current Regulator Vout LM317 R1 Iout Adjust I out IAdj ref I Adj R1 1.25 V R1 10 mA Iout 1.5 A 10 F + V ) + 8 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A-06 ISSUE Y NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIM Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 - 0.045 0.080 - MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.82 4.07 0.88 0.64 3.73 3.61 2.66 2.42 3.93 2.80 0.64 0.46 12.70 14.27 1.52 1.15 5.33 4.83 3.04 2.54 2.79 2.04 1.39 1.15 6.47 5.97 1.27 0.00 - 1.15 2.04 - B F T 4 C -T - SEATING PLANE S DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z Q 123 A U K H Z L V G D N J R D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936-03 (D2PAK) ISSUE B OPTIONAL CHAMFER A E -T - TERMINAL 4 U K B S V H F 1 2 3 NOTES: 1 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2 CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3 TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS A AND K. 4 DIMENSIONS U AND V ESTABLISH A MINIMUM MOUNTING SURFACE FOR TERMINAL 4. 5 DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED 0.025 (0.635) MAXIMUM. INCHES MIN MAX 0.386 0.403 0.356 0.368 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.051 REF 0.100 BSC 0.539 0.579 0.125 MAX 0.050 REF 0.000 0.010 0.088 0.102 0.018 0.026 0.058 0.078 5 _ REF 0.116 REF 0.200 MIN 0.250 MIN MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 9.804 10.236 9.042 9.347 4.318 4.572 0.660 0.914 1.143 1.397 1.295 REF 2.540 BSC 13.691 14.707 3.175 MAX 1.270 REF 0.000 0.254 2.235 2.591 0.457 0.660 1.473 1.981 5 _ REF 2.946 REF 5.080 MIN 6.350 MIN M J D 0.010 (0.254) M T G N R L P C DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S U V MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 9 LM317 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals" must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. Mfax is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. How to reach us: USA / EUROPE / Locations Not Listed: Motorola Literature Distribution; P.O. Box 5405, Denver, Colorado 80217. 303-675-2140 or 1-800-441-2447 JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.: SPD, Strategic Planning Office, 4-32-1, Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan. 81-3-5487-8488 MfaxTM: RMFAX0@email.sps.mot.com - TOUCHTONE 602-244-6609 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park, - US & Canada ONLY 1-800-774-1848 51 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 852-26629298 INTERNET: http://motorola.com/sps 10 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICELM317/D DATA |
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